Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a neurological disorder caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene. It is characterized by tremors, ataxia (lack of coordination), and cognitive impairment. It is most commonly seen in older adults who have a family history of Fragile X Syndrome. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and can include balance problems, tremors, difficulty walking, and cognitive decline.

The primary symptoms of Fragile X-associated tremor/Ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) are:

1. Intention tremor: A tremor that occurs when a person attempts to perform a voluntary movement, such as reaching for an object.

2. Ataxia: A lack of coordination and balance when walking or performing other movements.

3. Cognitive impairment: Difficulty with memory, problem-solving, and other cognitive tasks.

4. Anxiety and depression: People with FXTAS may experience anxiety and depression.

5. Parkinsonism: Symptoms similar to those of Parkinson’s disease, such as stiffness, slowness of movement, and tremors.

6. Urinary incontinence: Difficulty controlling the bladder.

7. Visual impairment: Difficulty with vision, including

Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene, which is responsible for producing the protein FMRP. This mutation causes the gene to become hypermethylated, which leads to the production of an abnormally high amount of FMRP. This excess FMRP leads to the development of FXTAS.

1. Medications: Anticonvulsants, such as clonazepam, can be used to reduce tremor and ataxia. Other medications, such as benzodiazepines, may also be used to reduce anxiety and improve sleep.

2. Physical Therapy: Physical therapy can help improve balance, coordination, and strength.

3. Occupational Therapy: Occupational therapy can help with activities of daily living, such as dressing, eating, and writing.

4. Speech Therapy: Speech therapy can help with communication and swallowing difficulties.

5. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Cognitive behavioral therapy can help with anxiety and depression.

6. Assistive Devices: Assistive devices, such as walkers, canes, and wheelchairs, can help with mobility.

1. Family history of Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS)
2. Carrying a premutation of the FMR1 gene
3. Advanced age
4. Male gender
5. History of smoking
6. History of alcohol abuse
7. History of head trauma
8. Exposure to certain environmental toxins

At this time, there is no cure for Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). However, medications may be used to help manage symptoms. These medications may include antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and antipsychotics. Additionally, physical and occupational therapy may be beneficial in helping to manage symptoms.