2p21 microdeletion syndrome without cystinuria is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deletion of genetic material on the short arm of chromosome 2. It is characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delay, and a variety of physical features including facial dysmorphism, short stature, and cardiac and skeletal abnormalities.

The symptoms of 2p21 microdeletion syndrome without cystinuria can vary from person to person, but may include:

-Developmental delay
-Intellectual disability
-Speech and language delays
-Growth delays
-Seizures
-Behavioral problems
-Autism spectrum disorder
-Feeding difficulties
-Hypotonia
-Abnormal facial features
-Hearing loss
-Heart defects
-Kidney abnormalities
-Gastrointestinal problems
-Skeletal abnormalities
-Skin abnormalities

1. Chromosomal abnormalities: 2p21 microdeletion syndrome is caused by a deletion of genetic material on the short arm of chromosome 2.

2. Genetic mutations: Mutations in the genes located in the deleted region can also cause 2p21 microdeletion syndrome.

3. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental toxins or radiation can also cause 2p21 microdeletion syndrome.

4. Unknown causes: In some cases, the cause of 2p21 microdeletion syndrome is unknown.

1. Early intervention: Early intervention programs can help children with 2p21 microdeletion syndrome develop their skills and abilities. This may include physical, occupational, and speech therapy.

2. Medication: Medication may be prescribed to help manage symptoms such as seizures, anxiety, and depression.

3. Dietary changes: A diet low in cystine may be recommended to help reduce the risk of kidney stones.

4. Surgery: Surgery may be necessary to correct any physical abnormalities caused by the syndrome.

5. Genetic counseling: Genetic counseling can help families understand the risks associated with the syndrome and how to manage them.

1. Advanced maternal age
2. Family history of 2p21 microdeletion syndrome
3. Maternal exposure to certain environmental toxins
4. Maternal diabetes
5. Maternal obesity
6. Maternal smoking
7. Maternal alcohol consumption
8. Maternal use of certain medications
9. Maternal use of certain recreational drugs
10. Maternal use of certain dietary supplements

At this time, there is no known cure for 2p21 microdeletion syndrome without cystinuria. However, there are medications that can help manage the symptoms associated with the condition. These medications may include anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and stimulants. Additionally, physical and occupational therapy can help improve motor skills and coordination.