SUNCT syndrome (short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing) is a rare type of primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent, severe, and brief episodes of unilateral pain in the head, face, or neck. These episodes are usually accompanied by conjunctival injection (redness of the eyes) and tearing. The attacks typically last from 5 to 240 seconds and can occur up to several hundred times a day.

The primary symptom of SUNCT syndrome is short-lasting, severe head pain. These episodes of Pain typically last between 5 and 240 seconds and can occur multiple times a day. Other symptoms may include:

-A sensation of pressure or tightness in the head

-Nausea
-Vomiting
-Light sensitivity
-Tearing of the eyes
-Flushing of the face
-Nasal congestion
-Palpitations
-Dizziness
-Visual disturbances
-Facial sweating

The exact cause of SUNCT syndrome is unknown. However, it is believed to be related to a malfunction in the trigeminal nerve, which is responsible for facial sensation and pain. Other possible causes include vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve, genetic factors, and abnormal brain activity.

The primary treatment for SUNCT syndrome is medications, such as anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, and calcium channel blockers. Other treatments may include nerve blocks, botulinum toxin injections, and surgery. In some cases, lifestyle changes such as avoiding triggers, reducing stress, and getting adequate sleep may help reduce the frequency and severity of SUNCT syndrome symptoms.

The exact cause of SUNCT syndrome is unknown, but there are several risk factors that may increase the likelihood of developing the condition. These include:

• Age: SUNCT syndrome is more common in people over the age of 50.
• Gender: Men are more likely to develop SUNCT syndrome than women.
• Family history: People with a family history of SUNCT syndrome may be more likely to develop the condition.
• Certain medical conditions: People with certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and migraine headaches, may be more likely to develop SUNCT syndrome.
• Certain medications: Certain medications, such as certain antidepressants and anti-seizure medications, may increase the risk of developing SUNCT syndrome.

There is no known cure for SUNCT syndrome, but medications such as anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, and calcium channel blockers may be used to reduce the frequency and severity of the headaches.