Spina bifida aperta is a birth defect in which the spinal column does not close completely, resulting in an opening in the spine. This can cause the spinal cord and nerves to be exposed, leading to a range of physical and neurological problems. Treatment typically involves surgery to close the opening and protect the spinal cord and nerves.

The symptoms of Spina bifida aperta can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:

-Loss of sensation or feeling in the lower body
-Weakness or Paralysis of the lower body
-Loss of bladder and/or bowel control
-Abnormal curvature of the spine
-Abnormal positioning of the feet
-Hydrocephalus (accumulation of fluid in the brain)
-Developmental delays
-Learning disabilities
-Hearing and vision problems
-Skin problems in the affected area

The exact cause of spina bifida aperta is unknown, but it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some of the known risk factors include a family history of neural tube defects, maternal diabetes, obesity, and certain medications taken during pregnancy. Folic acid deficiency during pregnancy has also been linked to an increased risk of spina bifida aperta.

The treatments for Spina bifida aperta vary depending on the severity of the condition. Generally, treatments may include surgery to close the spinal defect, physical therapy to help with mobility, medications to manage pain and bladder control, and orthopedic braces to support the legs. In some cases, a shunt may be placed to help drain excess fluid from the brain. In addition, some people may benefit from psychological counseling to help them cope with the physical and emotional effects of the condition.

1. Family history of neural tube defects
2. Low intake of folic acid during pregnancy
3. Maternal diabetes
4. Maternal obesity
5. Maternal use of certain medications, such as anticonvulsants, during pregnancy
6. Maternal exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as pesticides, during pregnancy
7. Maternal age over 35 years old

Yes, there are treatments available for spina bifida aperta. Treatment typically includes surgery to close the spinal defect, medications to prevent or treat infections, physical therapy to help with mobility, and other treatments to help manage any associated medical conditions.