Second branchial cleft anomaly is a rare congenital disorder that occurs when the second branchial cleft, a structure that forms during fetal development, fails to close properly. This can lead to a fistula, or abnormal connection, between the external ear and the throat. Symptoms of this condition can include hearing loss, drainage from the ear, and recurrent ear infections. Treatment typically involves surgical repair of the fistula.

The most common symptoms of second branchial cleft anomaly include:

-Painless swelling in the neck
-Drainage of pus or blood from the neck
-Hoarseness
-Difficulty swallowing
-Recurrent ear infections
-Fever
-Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck
-Coughing
-Shortness of breath
-Wheezing

The exact cause of second branchial cleft anomalies is unknown. However, some experts believe that it may be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Possible causes include exposure to certain medications, radiation, or chemicals during pregnancy, or a genetic mutation.

The treatment for second branchial cleft anomaly depends on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, the anomaly may be observed without treatment. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the cyst or fistula. In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to reduce the risk of infection. In rare cases, radiation therapy may be used to shrink the cyst or fistula.

1. Genetic predisposition
2. Exposure to certain environmental toxins
3. Maternal smoking during pregnancy
4. Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy
5. Maternal diabetes during pregnancy
6. Maternal use of certain medications during pregnancy
7. Maternal exposure to radiation during pregnancy
8. Maternal infection during pregnancy
9. Low birth weight
10. Premature birth

At this time, there is no known cure for second branchial cleft anomaly. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the cyst or fistula. In some cases, medications such as antibiotics may be prescribed to reduce the risk of infection.