About rosewater syndrome
What is rosewater syndrome?
Androgen insensitivity refers to an inability of the body to respond properly to male sex hormones (androgens) produced during pregnancy. This occurs because of a change (mutation) in a gene involved in the production of the protein inside cells that receives the androgen hormone and instructs the cell in how to use it.
Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (pais) is part of a spectrum of syndromes that also includes androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) and mild androgen insensitivity syndrome (mais). In each case, the development of the reproductive and genital organs of the fetus is affected, as a result of the gene mutation.
During the first 10 weeks of pregnancy, the external anatomy of male and female embryos appears to be identical. The presence or absence of the male sex hormone testosterone determines whether male or female genitalia develop. In partial androgen insensitivity syndrome, the development of the external genitals will be intermediate between male and female (ambiguous genitalia).
Each of these forms of AIS is also a hereditary form of male pseudohermaphroditism, in which the baby is born with testes and possesses both male and female characteristics. The disorder is inherited as an X-linked, recessive trait.
What are the symptoms for rosewater syndrome?
Shortness of breath symptom was found in the rosewater syndrome condition
Characteristics of partial androgen sensitivity syndrome vary from person. Each person with PAIS is unique and may not have the same features. Some people with PAIS may have more female-appearing features. For example, some can be born with female-appearing genitals but may have an enlarged clitoris (clitoromegaly) or fusion of certain areas of the labia. In addition, some individuals may be born with openings of a female-appearing urethra (duct where urine is released from the bladder to outside the body) and vagina. However, individuals with PAIS do not have female sex organs such as a uterus and ovaries. Some people with this condition may have undescended testes, in which one or both testicles are not able to descend completely by puberty. Because they do not have ovaries and may have issues with the development of the testes, many people with PAIS are infertile, because they produce no or very little sperm. Also, some individuals with PAIS may develop breasts (gynecomastia) during puberty.
Other people with PAIS may have more male-appearing features. For example, some may develop a penis. Some affected males may be born with a small penis, which is usually less than 1 cm, and may look similar to a clitoris. Those who develop a penis may be born with a feature called hypospadias, in which the opening of the penis is on the underside. As a result, boys with hypospadias may have issues urinating in certain directions. During puberty, people with PAIS may also develop a bifid scrotum, in which their scrotum area may separated by a groove into two parts.
What are the causes for rosewater syndrome?
Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome is a genetic condition that is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. The gene related to partial androgen sensitivity syndrome is the AR gene, which is located on the X chromosome. When people have a change in the AR gene, their bodies may have issues producing androgen receptors, which are structures in cells that allow the body to properly respond to androgens (male sex hormones). Because of problems with the androgen receptors, people with changes in the AR gene have the characteristics of partial androgen sensitivity syndrome.
Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of human cells and carry the genetic information (DNA) for each individual. Human body cells normally have 46 chromosomes. Pairs of human chromosomes numbered from 1 through 22 are called autosomes and the sex chromosomes are designated X and Y. Males have one X and one Y chromosome and females have two X chromosomes.
X-linked genetic disorders are conditions caused by an abnormal gene on the X chromosome and manifest mostly in males. Females that have an altered gene present on one of their X chromosomes are carriers for that disorder. Carrier females usually do not display symptoms because females have two X chromosomes and only one carries the altered gene. Males have one X chromosome that is inherited from their mother and if a male inherits an X chromosome that contains an altered gene he will develop the disease.
Female carriers of an X-linked disorder have a 25% chance with each pregnancy to have a carrier daughter like themselves, a 25% chance to have a non-carrier daughter, a 25% chance to have a son affected with the disease and a 25% chance to have an unaffected son.
If a male with an X-linked disorder is able to reproduce, he will pass the altered gene to all of his daughters who will be carriers. A male cannot pass an X-linked gene to his sons because males always pass their Y chromosome instead of their X chromosome to male offspring.
What are the treatments for rosewater syndrome?
Sex assignment is one of the major tasks that is performed after diagnosis of PAIS. Parents should work with their healthcare team in order to make an informed decision about sex assignment. If the patient is reared as a female, then she may receive surgery to remove the male sex organs. She may also be given estrogen (female sex hormone) therapy after puberty. If the patient is reared as a male, then he would be given testosterone therapy and surgery to repair the male sex organs and remove the breasts (gynecomastia).
Some people with PAIS have sex assignment at birth, while others may have it after puberty. This decision is usually based on the circumstances and input of the family, the patient, and medical providers.
Genetic counseling is recommended for patients and their families.
What are the risk factors for rosewater syndrome?
Rosewater syndrome is a mental illness that makes people see and hear things that aren't there. It's caused by brain damage, which can be caused by a disease or injury to the brain. The symptoms of rosewater syndrome are hallucinations and delusions.
Hallucinations are things you see or hear that aren't really there, like seeing monsters in your room at night or hearing voices when no one else is around. Delusions are things you believe that aren't true, like thinking someone has put a curse on you or believing that aliens are taking over your town.
The four main risk factors for rosewater syndrome are:
1. Age - The older you are, the higher your risk for developing rosewater syndrome. It's most common in adults over 40.
2. Gender - Women have a higher risk of developing rosewater syndrome than men.
3. Medical conditions - If you have certain medical conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure, then you may be more likely to develop rosewater syndrome.
4. A history of injecting drugs into your body - If you've injected drugs into your body in the past, then this increases your risk of developing rosewater syndrome down the line as well.
Symptoms
Shortness of breath,A tightening feeling in your chest or throat,A feeling like you can't catch your breath,Feeling dizzy or lightheaded
Condition
Fever,Coughing up blood,Sore throat and difficulty swallowing,Headache,Muscle aches and pain throughout the body,Lack of appetite (anorexia),Diarrhea or constipation
Drugs
Aspirin,Antibiotics,Cholestyramine powder (a bile acid sequestrant),Colestipol capsules (another bile acid sequestrant)
Is there a cure/medications for rosewater syndrome?
Unfortunately, there is no cure for rosewater syndrome. However, there are a few medications used to treat the symptoms.
1. Antihistamines - Antihistamines are used to treat sneezing, runny nose and watery eyes.
2. Decongestants - Decongestants help relieve your symptoms by shrinking swollen blood vessels in your nose and throat. They can make you feel better but they do not treat the underlying condition of rosewater syndrome.
3. Antibiotics - Antibiotics can be used to treat bacterial infections that may cause rosewater syndrome symptoms such as fever and cough (pneumonia).
4. Another way is you should also exercise regularly, as exercise has been shown to help patients manage their symptoms more effectively than other treatments do. You may want to consider taking up yoga classes or joining a gym if you haven't already done so; both activities have been shown to be effective at reducing anxiety and stress levels in people with Rosewater Syndrome.
5. You should also try practicing mindfulness techniques such as meditation or deep breathing exercises every day. These techniques have been shown to be particularly effective at reducing anxiety levels among people who suffer from Rosewater Syndrome.
6. Other medications, such as beta-blockers or other heart-regulating drugs, are used to treat heart palpitations. Antidepressants like Prozac and Zoloft can also be helpful in treating anxiety and depression—as well as panic attacks.
Symptoms
Shortness of breath,A tightening feeling in your chest or throat,A feeling like you can't catch your breath,Feeling dizzy or lightheaded
Condition
Fever,Coughing up blood,Sore throat and difficulty swallowing,Headache,Muscle aches and pain throughout the body,Lack of appetite (anorexia),Diarrhea or constipation
Drugs
Aspirin,Antibiotics,Cholestyramine powder (a bile acid sequestrant),Colestipol capsules (another bile acid sequestrant)