Retinoblastoma is a rare form of eye cancer that affects the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. It is most commonly found in children under the age of five, and is caused by a genetic mutation. Treatment typically involves surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

The most common symptom of retinoblastoma is a white pupil (leukocoria) that is visible in a photograph taken with a flash. Other symptoms may include:

- Eye Redness or swelling

- Eye pain

- Poor vision

- Crossed eyes (strabismus)

- A change in the color of the iris

- A mass or lump in the eye

- Abnormal eye movements

- Excessive tearing

- A change in the size of the pupil

Retinoblastoma is a rare form of eye cancer that affects children. It is caused by a mutation in the RB1 gene, which is responsible for controlling cell growth and division. The mutation can be inherited from a parent or can occur spontaneously. Other risk factors include having a family history of retinoblastoma, being born prematurely, and having a weakened immune system.

The treatments for Retinoblastoma depend on the size and location of the tumor, as well as the age of the patient. Treatment options may include:

1. Laser therapy: A laser is used to destroy the tumor.

2. Cryotherapy: Extreme cold is used to freeze and destroy the tumor.

3. Radiation therapy: High-energy X-rays are used to destroy the tumor.

4. Chemotherapy: Drugs are used to kill the cancer cells.

5. Surgery: The tumor may be surgically removed.

6. Intra-arterial chemotherapy: Chemotherapy drugs are injected directly into the artery that supplies blood to the tumor.

7. Intra-vitreal chemotherapy: Chemotherapy drugs are injected directly into the eye.

8. Proton beam therapy:

1. Genetic predisposition: Retinoblastoma is most commonly caused by a genetic mutation that is passed down from a parent to a child.

2. Family history: Children with a family history of retinoblastoma are at an increased risk of developing the disease.

3. Age: Retinoblastoma is most commonly diagnosed in children under the age of 5.

4. Race: Retinoblastoma is more common in certain racial groups, such as African Americans and Hispanics.

5. Premature birth: Children born prematurely are at an increased risk of developing retinoblastoma.

Yes, there are treatments available for retinoblastoma. Treatment options may include laser therapy, cryotherapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and/or surgery. Medications used to treat retinoblastoma include vincristine, carboplatin, etoposide, and topotecan.