Punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) is a rare eye disorder that affects the choroid, a layer of blood vessels and connective tissue that lies between the retina and the sclera (the white of the eye). It is characterized by multiple, small, yellow-white lesions in the choroid that can cause vision loss. PIC is usually seen in young adults and is thought to be caused by an autoimmune disorder. Treatment typically involves corticosteroids and immunosuppressive medications.

The most common symptom of punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) is decreased vision in one or both eyes. Other symptoms may include:

• Blurred vision

• Distorted vision

• Photopsia (flashes of light)

• Scotoma (blind spots)

• Metamorphopsia (distorted shapes)

• Visual field defects

• Color vision changes

• Reduced contrast sensitivity

• Macular edema

• Retinal pigment epithelial changes

• Choroidal neovascularization

• Vitreous hemorrhage

• Retinal detachment

The exact cause of punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) is unknown. However, some potential causes include:

-Autoimmune disorders
-Infections such as syphilis, tuberculosis, and Lyme disease
-Inflammatory conditions such as sarcoidosis
-Vascular disorders such as diabetes and hypertension
-Genetic factors
-Exposure to toxins or radiation
-Certain medications

1. Photodynamic therapy (PDT): This is a procedure that uses a light-activated drug to destroy abnormal blood vessels in the eye.

2. Intravitreal injections: These are injections of medications directly into the eye to reduce inflammation and improve vision.

3. Laser photocoagulation: This is a procedure that uses a laser to seal off leaking blood vessels in the eye.

4. Corticosteroid injections: These are injections of corticosteroid medications into the eye to reduce inflammation.

5. Vitrectomy: This is a surgical procedure to remove the vitreous gel from the eye and replace it with a saline solution.

6. Oral medications: These are medications taken by mouth to reduce inflammation and improve vision.

1. Age: PIC is most commonly seen in individuals between the ages of 20 and 50.

2. Gender: PIC is more common in women than in men.

3. Genetics: PIC is more common in individuals with a family history of the condition.

4. Race: PIC is more common in individuals of Asian descent.

5. Systemic diseases: Individuals with systemic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and autoimmune disorders may be at an increased risk for developing PIC.

6. Medications: Certain medications, such as corticosteroids, may increase the risk of developing PIC.

At this time, there is no known cure for punctate inner choroidopathy. However, there are medications that can be used to manage the symptoms. These include corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and anti-inflammatory medications. Additionally, laser photocoagulation and photodynamic therapy may be used to reduce the risk of vision loss.