Parietal encephalocele is a rare birth defect in which a portion of the brain protrudes through an opening in the skull. It is caused by a failure of the skull bones to close properly during fetal development. Symptoms may include seizures, developmental delays, and physical deformities. Treatment typically involves surgical repair of the skull defect and may include medications to control seizures.

The most common symptoms of parietal encephalocele include:

-A visible bulge or lump on the head
-Abnormal facial features, such as a cleft lip or palate
-Developmental delays
-Seizures
-Hearing loss
-Vision problems
-Hydrocephalus (excess fluid in the brain)
-Intellectual disability
-Behavioral problems
-Feeding difficulties
-Sleep disturbances

Parietal encephalocele is a rare birth defect caused by a failure of the neural tube to close properly during early fetal development. It is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including exposure to certain medications, alcohol, and certain infections during pregnancy.

Treatment for parietal encephalocele depends on the size and location of the encephalocele. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the defect and prevent further complications. Surgery may involve closing the defect, removing the herniated brain tissue, and repairing the skull. In some cases, a shunt may be placed to drain excess fluid from the brain. Other treatments may include antibiotics to prevent infection, medications to reduce swelling, and physical therapy to help with any motor or sensory deficits.

1. Genetic predisposition
2. Maternal infections during pregnancy
3. Maternal drug use during pregnancy
4. Maternal exposure to radiation during pregnancy
5. Maternal diabetes during pregnancy
6. Maternal malnutrition during pregnancy
7. Premature birth
8. Low birth weight
9. Family history of neural tube defects

There is no cure for parietal encephalocele, but treatment is available to help manage the symptoms. Treatment may include medications to reduce seizures, antibiotics to treat infections, and surgery to repair the defect.