Non-functioning paraganglioma is a type of tumor that develops from cells in the paraganglia, which are clusters of cells located near the major blood vessels in the body. These tumors are usually benign, but can sometimes be malignant. They can occur anywhere in the body, but are most commonly found in the head and neck region. Symptoms of non-functioning paraganglioma can include headaches, facial pain, and hearing loss. Treatment typically involves surgery to remove the tumor.

The symptoms of non-functioning paraganglioma vary depending on the size and location of the tumor. Common symptoms include:

-Headache
-Facial pain
-Numbness or Tingling in the face
-Vision changes
-Hearing loss
-Difficulty swallowing
-Hoarseness
-Shortness of breath
-Coughing up blood
-Abdominal pain
-Weight loss
-Fatigue
-Weakness
-Palpitations
-High blood pressure

The exact cause of non-functioning paraganglioma is unknown. However, it is believed to be related to genetic mutations that cause the abnormal growth of cells in the paraganglia. These mutations can be inherited or acquired. Other possible causes include environmental factors, such as exposure to certain chemicals or radiation.

The treatment for non-functioning paraganglioma depends on the size and location of the tumor. Treatment options may include:

1. Surgery: Surgery is the most common treatment for non-functioning paraganglioma. The goal of surgery is to remove the entire tumor.

2. Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy may be used to shrink the tumor before or after surgery.

3. Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy may be used to shrink the tumor before or after surgery.

4. Targeted therapy: Targeted therapy is a newer type of treatment that uses drugs to target specific molecules in the tumor cells. This type of therapy may be used to shrink the tumor before or after surgery.

5. Observation: In some cases, the tumor may be small and slow-growing and may not require treatment.

1. Family history of paraganglioma
2. Genetic mutations in the SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD genes
3. Exposure to radiation
4. Smoking
5. High blood pressure
6. High levels of catecholamines in the blood
7. Age (more common in adults)
8. Gender (more common in males)

Non-functioning paragangliomas are usually treated with surgery. Depending on the size and location of the tumor, radiation therapy or chemotherapy may also be used. Medications such as alpha-blockers, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers may be used to control symptoms such as high blood pressure, headaches, and palpitations.