Nail-patella syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects the nails, bones, and kidneys. It is characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of the fingernails and toenails, abnormalities of the kneecaps, and kidney problems. Other features of the disorder may include elbow abnormalities, skeletal malformations, and eye problems.

The most common symptoms of nail-patella syndrome include:

-Absent or underdeveloped fingernails and toenails
-Abnormal kneecaps (patellae)
-Elbow deformities
-Abnormalities of the collarbone
-Abnormalities of the kidneys and urinary tract
-Hearing loss
-Eye abnormalities
-Abnormalities of the teeth
-Abnormalities of the skeleton
-High blood pressure
-Abnormalities of the skin, including patches of lighter skin

Nail-patella syndrome is caused by a mutation in the LMX1B gene. This gene is responsible for the production of a protein that helps to form the structures of the body, including the nails, patella (kneecap), and kidneys.

The treatments for Nail-patella syndrome vary depending on the individual and the severity of the condition. Generally, treatments may include physical therapy, orthopedic surgery, medications, and lifestyle modifications. Physical therapy can help improve joint mobility and strength, while orthopedic surgery may be necessary to correct joint deformities or to repair damaged ligaments or tendons. Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and pain. Lifestyle modifications such as avoiding activities that put stress on the joints, maintaining a healthy weight, and wearing supportive shoes can also help reduce symptoms.

1. Family history: Nail-patella syndrome is an inherited disorder, so having a family history of the condition increases the risk of developing it.

2. Gender: Nail-patella syndrome is more common in males than females.

3. Ethnicity: Nail-patella syndrome is more common in people of Northern European descent.

There is no cure for nail-patella syndrome, but there are medications that can help manage the symptoms. These include medications to reduce pain, improve joint mobility, and reduce inflammation. Additionally, physical therapy and occupational therapy can help improve mobility and reduce pain. Surgery may also be recommended in some cases to correct joint deformities or to improve mobility.