Mandibular arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare vascular disorder that affects the mandible (lower jaw) and surrounding structures. It is characterized by an abnormal connection between the arteries and veins in the mandible, which can lead to increased blood flow and pressure in the area. This can cause pain, swelling, and other symptoms. Treatment typically involves surgery to remove the abnormal vessels and restore normal blood flow.

The most common symptoms of mandibular arteriovenous malformation (AVM) include:

• Swelling of the face, neck, or jaw
• Pain in the face, neck, or jaw
• Difficulty opening the mouth
• Difficulty swallowing
• A lump or mass in the face, neck, or jaw
• A bluish discoloration of the skin
• A pulsating sensation in the face, neck, or jaw
• A bruit (a whooshing sound) heard when a stethoscope is placed over the area
• A feeling of fullness in the face, neck, or jaw
• A decrease in sensation in the face, neck, or jaw
• A decrease in the ability to move the jaw

The exact cause of mandibular arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is unknown. However, it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some research suggests that certain genetic mutations may be linked to the development of AVMs. Additionally, certain environmental factors, such as smoking, may increase the risk of developing an AVM.

The primary treatment for mandibular arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is surgical removal. This is usually done through a combination of open surgery and endovascular embolization. Endovascular embolization is a minimally invasive procedure that involves blocking the blood flow to the AVM with a special material. Other treatments may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and/or medications to reduce swelling and pain. In some cases, a combination of treatments may be used.

The risk factors for mandibular arteriovenous malformation (AVM) include:
* Age: AVMs are more common in adults than in children.
* Gender: AVMs are more common in males than in females.
* Genetics: Certain genetic conditions, such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, can increase the risk of developing an AVM.
* Smoking: Smoking can increase the risk of developing an AVM.
* Trauma: Trauma to the face or jaw can increase the risk of developing an AVM.

There is no known cure for mandibular arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Treatment options include medications to reduce the risk of bleeding, surgery to remove the AVM, and radiation therapy to shrink the AVM. Medications used to reduce the risk of bleeding include anticoagulants (blood thinners) and antiplatelet agents. Surgery is the most common treatment for mandibular AVMs, and it can be used to remove the AVM or to reduce its size. Radiation therapy is also used to shrink the AVM and reduce the risk of bleeding.