Macrocystic lymphatic malformation (also known as cystic hygroma) is a congenital disorder that affects the lymphatic system. It is characterized by the presence of multiple cysts filled with lymphatic fluid in the neck, armpit, groin, or other areas of the body. The cysts can range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter. Symptoms may include swelling, pain, and difficulty breathing. Treatment may include surgery, medications, or other therapies.

The most common symptoms of macrocystic lymphatic malformation include:

- Swelling in the affected area
- Skin discoloration
- Skin dimpling
- Skin thickening
- Pain or discomfort
- Visible lumps or bumps
- Abnormal growths
- Difficulty breathing
- Difficulty swallowing
- Coughing
- Wheezing
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Weight loss

The exact cause of macrocystic lymphatic malformation is unknown. It is believed to be caused by a genetic mutation that affects the development of the lymphatic system. It is also possible that environmental factors, such as exposure to certain chemicals or radiation, may play a role in the development of this condition.

The treatments for macrocystic lymphatic malformation depend on the size and location of the malformation. Treatment options may include:

1. Observation: If the malformation is small and not causing any symptoms, it may be monitored over time.

2. Sclerotherapy: This involves injecting a sclerosing agent into the malformation to reduce its size.

3. Surgery: Surgery may be used to remove the malformation or to reduce its size.

4. Laser therapy: This involves using a laser to reduce the size of the malformation.

5. Radiotherapy: This involves using radiation to reduce the size of the malformation.

6. Embolization: This involves blocking the blood supply to the malformation to reduce its size.

1. Genetic predisposition: Macrocystic lymphatic malformation is thought to be caused by a genetic mutation, and it is more common in certain families.

2. Gender: Macrocystic lymphatic malformation is more common in females than males.

3. Age: Macrocystic lymphatic malformation is more common in infants and young children.

4. Race: Macrocystic lymphatic malformation is more common in people of Asian descent.

5. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as lead, may increase the risk of developing macrocystic lymphatic malformation.

At this time, there is no cure for macrocystic lymphatic malformation. However, there are medications and treatments available to help manage the symptoms. These include medications to reduce swelling, antibiotics to prevent infection, and surgery to remove the affected area.