Lower limb malformation-hypospadias syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by malformations of the lower limbs, including the feet, ankles, and lower legs. It is also associated with hypospadias, a condition in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis instead of at the tip. Other features of the disorder may include short stature, joint contractures, and scoliosis. Treatment is based on the individual's symptoms and may include physical therapy, orthopedic surgery, and hormone therapy.

The most common symptoms of lower limb malformation-hypospadias syndrome include:

-Abnormal placement of the urethral opening on the underside of the penis
-Abnormal curvature of the penis
-Abnormal development of the scrotum
-Abnormal development of the testicles
-Abnormal development of the foreskin
-Abnormal development of the labia
-Abnormal development of the clitoris
-Abnormal development of the pubic hair
-Abnormal development of the labia majora
-Abnormal development of the labia minora
-Abnormal development of the perineum
-Abnormal development of the anus
-Abnormal development of the rectum
-Abnormal development of the bladder
-Abnormal development of the kidneys
-Abnormal development of the ureters

1. Genetic factors: Hypospadias is a genetic disorder that is caused by a mutation in the HOX gene family.

2. Hormonal imbalance: An imbalance of hormones during fetal development can cause hypospadias.

3. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as phthalates, during fetal development can increase the risk of hypospadias.

4. Maternal health: Certain maternal health conditions, such as diabetes, can increase the risk of hypospadias.

5. Medications: Certain medications taken during pregnancy, such as certain antibiotics, can increase the risk of hypospadias.

1. Surgery: Surgery is the most common treatment for hypospadias. The goal of surgery is to create a normal-looking penis and to allow the patient to pass urine while standing.

2. Hormone Therapy: Hormone therapy may be used to help the penis grow and develop normally.

3. Skin Grafts: Skin grafts may be used to cover the exposed area of the penis.

4. Urethral Reconstruction: Urethral reconstruction may be necessary to create a normal-looking urethra.

5. Psychological Support: Psychological support may be necessary to help the patient and family cope with the condition.

1. Genetic factors: Certain genetic mutations can increase the risk of hypospadias.

2. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as phthalates, during pregnancy may increase the risk of hypospadias.

3. Family history: Having a family history of hypospadias increases the risk of the condition.

4. Maternal age: Women over the age of 35 are more likely to have a baby with hypospadias.

5. Maternal health: Women with diabetes or obesity may be more likely to have a baby with hypospadias.

There is no cure for lower limb malformation-hypospadias syndrome, but there are treatments available to help manage the condition. Treatment options include surgery to correct the malformation, hormone therapy, and medications to help manage any associated symptoms.