Ketamine-induced biliary dilatation is a rare side effect of ketamine, an anesthetic drug. It is characterized by an increase in the size of the bile ducts, which can lead to abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. In some cases, it can also cause jaundice. Treatment typically involves discontinuing the use of ketamine and supportive care.

Symptoms of Ketamine-induced biliary dilatation include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, jaundice, and dark urine. Other symptoms may include fatigue, loss of appetite, and weight loss. In severe cases, the patient may experience confusion, disorientation, and difficulty breathing.

1. Ketamine is known to cause spasm of the sphincter of Oddi, which is the muscle that controls the flow of bile from the gallbladder into the small intestine.

2. Ketamine can also cause an increase in the production of bile, which can lead to biliary dilatation.

3. Ketamine can also cause an increase in the pressure within the biliary system, which can lead to biliary dilatation.

4. Ketamine can also cause an increase in the production of mucus, which can lead to biliary dilatation.

5. Ketamine can also cause an increase in the production of inflammatory mediators, which can lead to biliary dilatation.

1. Discontinue ketamine use.
2. Administer anticholinergic medications such as hyoscyamine or scopolamine to reduce biliary spasm.
3. Administer prokinetic agents such as metoclopramide or erythromycin to increase biliary motility.
4. Administer antibiotics to treat any underlying infection.
5. Perform endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to remove any biliary stones.
6. Perform endoscopic sphincterotomy to widen the bile ducts.
7. Perform surgical procedures such as cholecystectomy or choledochotomy to remove any biliary obstruction.

1. High doses of ketamine
2. Prolonged use of ketamine
3. Use of ketamine in combination with other drugs
4. Use of ketamine in patients with pre-existing biliary tract disease
5. Use of ketamine in patients with pre-existing liver disease
6. Use of ketamine in patients with pre-existing renal disease
7. Use of ketamine in patients with pre-existing gastrointestinal disease
8. Use of ketamine in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease
9. Use of ketamine in patients with pre-existing endocrine disease
10. Use of ketamine in patients with pre-existing metabolic disorders

At this time, there is no known cure or medication for ketamine-induced biliary dilatation. Treatment typically involves supportive care and monitoring of the patient's condition. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to reduce the symptoms associated with the condition.