Internal carotid absence is a rare congenital condition in which the internal carotid artery is absent or incompletely developed. The internal carotid artery is a major artery in the neck that supplies blood to the brain. People with this condition may have a variety of symptoms, including stroke-like episodes, seizures, and developmental delays. Treatment typically involves medications and lifestyle modifications to reduce the risk of stroke.

The symptoms of Internal carotid absence vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:

-Headache
-Dizziness
-Facial numbness
-Vision problems
-Hearing loss
-Weakness in the face or arm
-Difficulty speaking
-Difficulty swallowing
-Loss of balance
-Seizures
-Stroke-like symptoms

The exact cause of internal carotid artery absence is unknown. It is thought to be due to a developmental abnormality that occurs during fetal development. It is believed to be caused by a disruption in the normal development of the carotid artery, which is the main artery that supplies blood to the brain. Other possible causes include genetic mutations, environmental factors, and vascular malformations.

1. Endovascular treatment: This involves the use of a stent to open up the blocked artery and improve blood flow.

2. Surgery: Surgery may be necessary to remove the blockage or repair the artery.

3. Medication: Medications such as antiplatelet drugs, anticoagulants, and statins may be prescribed to reduce the risk of stroke.

4. Lifestyle changes: Making healthy lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly can help reduce the risk of stroke.

1. Congenital heart defects
2. Genetic syndromes
3. Maternal diabetes
4. Maternal smoking
5. Maternal alcohol consumption
6. Maternal drug use
7. Maternal exposure to radiation
8. Maternal infection
9. Low birth weight
10. Premature birth

There is no cure for internal carotid artery absence. Treatment is focused on managing the symptoms and preventing complications. Medications such as anti-clotting drugs, anti-hypertensive drugs, and cholesterol-lowering drugs may be prescribed to reduce the risk of stroke. Surgery may be recommended to repair any damaged blood vessels or to bypass blocked vessels.