About Infantile Spasm (West Syndrome)

What is Infantile Spasm (West Syndrome)?

Infantile Spasm (West Syndrome) is a rare neurological disorder that affects infants and young children. It is characterized by sudden, brief, and repetitive muscle spasms, usually in the neck, arms, and legs. These spasms can occur hundreds of times a day and can last for several seconds. Other symptoms may include developmental delays, intellectual disability, and seizures. Treatment typically involves anticonvulsant medications and physical therapy.

What are the symptoms of Infantile Spasm (West Syndrome)?

The main symptom of Infantile Spasms (West Syndrome) is a type of seizure called a spasm. These Spasms usually occur in clusters and can last for several seconds. They may involve the whole body or just the head and neck. Other symptoms may include:

• Unusual posturing of the arms and legs

• Stiffening of the body

• Jerking movements

• Unusual facial expressions

• Developmental delays

• Poor feeding

• Sleep disturbances

• Irritability

• Loss of previously acquired skills

What are the causes of Infantile Spasm (West Syndrome)?

The exact cause of infantile spasms (West Syndrome) is unknown, but it is believed to be related to abnormal brain development. Possible causes include genetic abnormalities, prenatal or perinatal brain injury, metabolic disorders, and infections.

What are the treatments for Infantile Spasm (West Syndrome)?

1. Corticosteroid Medications: Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, are the most commonly used treatment for infantile spasms. These medications help reduce the frequency and severity of spasms.

2. ACTH: ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) is a hormone that is naturally produced by the body. It is used to treat infantile spasms and can be given as an injection or as a cream.

3. Vigabatrin: Vigabatrin is an anti-epileptic drug that is used to treat infantile spasms. It works by increasing the amount of GABA (a neurotransmitter) in the brain.

4. Ketogenic Diet: The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that has been used to treat infant

What are the risk factors for Infantile Spasm (West Syndrome)?

1. Low birth weight
2. Premature birth
3. Brain malformations
4. Genetic disorders
5. Maternal infections during pregnancy
6. Perinatal asphyxia
7. Neonatal jaundice
8. Family history of infantile spasms
9. Exposure to certain medications during pregnancy
10. Exposure to certain environmental toxins during pregnancy

Is there a cure/medications for Infantile Spasm (West Syndrome)?

Yes, there are medications and treatments available for Infantile Spasms (West Syndrome). The most common medications used to treat Infantile Spasms are vigabatrin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and prednisolone. Other treatments include ketogenic diet, electrical stimulation, and surgery.