Heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) is a rare, inherited form of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) caused by genetic mutations. It is characterized by high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, which can lead to heart failure and death. Symptoms of HPAH include shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, and dizziness. Treatment options include medications, lifestyle changes, and surgery.

The most common symptoms of Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (HPAH) include shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, dizziness, and fainting. Other symptoms may include swelling of the ankles and legs, bluish discoloration of the lips and skin, and an increased heart rate. In some cases, HPAH can lead to heart failure.

The exact cause of heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) is unknown. However, it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors may include mutations in certain genes, such as BMPR2, ACVRL1, and ENG. Environmental factors may include exposure to certain drugs, toxins, or infections.

1. Oral medications: These medications are used to reduce the workload of the heart and improve the symptoms of Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (HPAH). These medications include prostacyclin analogues, endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers.

2. Intravenous medications: These medications are used to reduce the pressure in the pulmonary arteries and improve the symptoms of HPAH. These medications include prostacyclin analogues, endothelin receptor antagonists, and nitric oxide.

3. Lung transplantation: This is a surgical procedure in which the diseased lungs are replaced with healthy lungs from a donor. This is usually the last resort for treating HPAH.

4. Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy: This is

1. Genetic mutations: Certain genetic mutations, such as those in the BMPR2 gene, can increase the risk of developing heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension.

2. Family history: Having a family history of heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension increases the risk of developing the condition.

3. Connective tissue disorders: People with connective tissue disorders, such as scleroderma, are at an increased risk of developing heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension.

4. HIV infection: HIV infection is associated with an increased risk of developing heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension.

5. Congenital heart defects: People with certain congenital heart defects, such as atrial septal defect, are at an increased risk of developing heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Yes, there are medications available to treat Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (HPAH). These medications work by relaxing the blood vessels in the lungs, which helps to reduce the pressure in the pulmonary arteries. Commonly prescribed medications include prostacyclin analogues, endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers. Additionally, some patients may benefit from oxygen therapy, diuretics, and lifestyle modifications.