Hereditary retinoblastoma is a rare type of eye cancer that affects children. It is caused by a genetic mutation that is passed down from a parent to a child. The mutation causes the cells in the retina to grow and divide uncontrollably, forming a tumor. If left untreated, the tumor can spread to other parts of the body. Treatment typically involves surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.

The most common symptom of hereditary retinoblastoma is a white pupil (leukocoria) in one or both eyes. Other symptoms may include:

- Eye redness

- Eye pain

- Poor vision

- Crossed eyes (strabismus)

- Abnormal eye movements

- Enlarged eyeball

- Dark spots in the retina

- Swelling of the eye

- Glaucoma

- Cataracts

Hereditary retinoblastoma is caused by a mutation in the RB1 gene. This gene is responsible for controlling cell growth and division. The mutation causes the cells in the retina to grow and divide uncontrollably, leading to the formation of a tumor. In some cases, the mutation is inherited from a parent, while in other cases it is a spontaneous mutation that occurs in the child.

1. Laser therapy: This involves using a laser to destroy the tumor cells.

2. Cryotherapy: This involves freezing the tumor cells with liquid nitrogen.

3. Radiation therapy: This involves using high-energy X-rays to destroy the tumor cells.

4. Chemotherapy: This involves using drugs to kill the tumor cells.

5. Surgery: This involves removing the tumor and any affected tissue.

6. Intra-arterial chemotherapy: This involves injecting chemotherapy drugs directly into the artery that supplies the tumor.

1. Family history of retinoblastoma: Having a parent or sibling with retinoblastoma increases the risk of developing the disease.

2. Genetic mutation: A mutation in the RB1 gene increases the risk of developing retinoblastoma.

3. Age: Retinoblastoma is most commonly diagnosed in children under the age of 5.

4. Race: Retinoblastoma is more common in certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans and Hispanics.

5. Gender: Boys are more likely to develop retinoblastoma than girls.

Yes, there are treatments available for hereditary retinoblastoma. Treatment options may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, cryotherapy, laser therapy, and/or surgery. Medications used to treat retinoblastoma may include vincristine, carboplatin, etoposide, and cyclosporine.