About Giant Cell Arteritis

What is Giant Cell Arteritis?

Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) is a type of vasculitis, or inflammation of the blood vessels. It is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the large and medium-sized arteries, most commonly the temporal arteries. Symptoms of GCA include headache, scalp tenderness, jaw pain, vision changes, and fever. Treatment typically involves high doses of corticosteroids.

What are the symptoms of Giant Cell Arteritis?

The most common symptom of Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) is a persistent headache, usually located on one side of the head. Other symptoms may include:

-Scalp tenderness

-Jaw Pain when chewing
-Fever
-Fatigue
-Weight loss
-Vision changes, such as Double vision or temporary blindness
-Pain and tenderness in the temples
-Pain in the neck, shoulders, and arms
-Pain in the jaw when opening the mouth wide
-Tenderness in the scalp when combing or brushing the hair

What are the causes of Giant Cell Arteritis?

The exact cause of Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) is unknown. However, it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder, meaning that the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. Risk factors for GCA include age (over 50 years old), gender (more common in women), and a family history of the condition.

What are the treatments for Giant Cell Arteritis?

The main treatment for Giant Cell Arteritis is corticosteroid medications, such as prednisone. These medications help reduce inflammation and can help prevent vision loss. Other treatments may include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), immunosuppressants, and biologic agents. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damaged arteries.

What are the risk factors for Giant Cell Arteritis?

The risk factors for Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) include:

• Age: GCA is most common in people over the age of 50.

• Gender: Women are more likely to develop GCA than men.

• Ethnicity: People of Northern European descent are more likely to develop GCA than other ethnicities.

• Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of developing GCA.

• Family history: Having a family member with GCA increases the risk of developing the condition.

• Infections: Certain infections, such as the Epstein-Barr virus, may increase the risk of developing GCA.

Is there a cure/medications for Giant Cell Arteritis?

Yes, there are treatments available for Giant Cell Arteritis. The most common treatment is corticosteroid medications, such as prednisone, which can reduce inflammation and help prevent damage to the arteries. Other medications, such as methotrexate and azathioprine, may also be used to help reduce inflammation and prevent further damage. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair any damage to the arteries.