Fleck corneal dystrophy is a rare, inherited eye disorder that affects the cornea, the clear outer layer of the eye. It is characterized by the presence of small, white, opaque spots on the cornea, which can cause vision problems. The spots can range in size from a few millimeters to several millimeters in diameter. In some cases, the spots may be so small that they are not visible to the naked eye.

The primary symptom of Fleck corneal dystrophy is the presence of small, white, opaque spots on the cornea. These spots, known as Flecks, can range in size from a few microns to several millimeters. They are usually distributed in a symmetrical pattern and can be seen with the naked eye. Other symptoms may include blurred vision, light sensitivity, and eye irritation.

Fleck corneal dystrophy is caused by a mutation in the TGFBI gene, which is responsible for producing a protein called keratoepithelin. This protein is important for maintaining the structure of the cornea. Mutations in this gene can cause the protein to be produced incorrectly, leading to the formation of abnormal deposits in the cornea.

The main treatment for Fleck corneal dystrophy is corneal transplantation. This is a surgical procedure in which the damaged corneal tissue is replaced with healthy donor tissue. Other treatments may include the use of topical lubricants, antibiotics, and corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and discomfort. In some cases, laser surgery may be used to remove the flecks.

1. Genetic predisposition: Fleck corneal dystrophy is an inherited disorder caused by mutations in the TGFBI gene.

2. Age: The condition usually appears in the first or second decade of life.

3. Gender: Fleck corneal dystrophy is more common in males than females.

4. Family history: Individuals with a family history of the condition are at an increased risk of developing Fleck corneal dystrophy.

There is no cure for Fleck corneal dystrophy, but there are medications that can help manage the symptoms. These include topical lubricants, artificial tears, and corticosteroid eye drops. In some cases, a corneal transplant may be necessary to improve vision.