Familial retinal arterial macroaneurysm (FRAM) is a rare inherited disorder that affects the blood vessels in the retina of the eye. It is characterized by the formation of large, abnormal aneurysms in the retinal arteries, which can lead to vision loss. FRAM is caused by a mutation in the COL4A1 gene, which is responsible for producing a protein that helps form the walls of the retinal arteries. Treatment for FRAM typically involves laser photocoagulation to reduce the risk of bleeding and vision loss.

The most common symptom of familial retinal arterial macroaneurysm is sudden, painless Vision loss in one or both eyes. Other symptoms may include:

• Blurred vision

• Floaters or spots in the vision

• Distorted vision

• Loss of peripheral vision

• Halos around lights

• Redness in the eye

• Headache

• Eye pain

• Sensitivity to light

The exact cause of familial retinal arterial macroaneurysm is unknown. However, it is believed to be related to genetic factors, as it is more common in families with a history of the condition. Other possible causes include high blood pressure, diabetes, and atherosclerosis.

1. Laser photocoagulation: This is a procedure that uses a laser to seal off the affected blood vessels in the retina.

2. Vitrectomy: This is a surgical procedure that removes the vitreous gel from the eye and replaces it with a saline solution.

3. Intravitreal injections: This is a procedure that involves injecting medication directly into the eye to reduce inflammation and improve blood flow.

4. Anti-VEGF therapy: This is a type of medication that is injected into the eye to reduce the growth of abnormal blood vessels.

5. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the affected blood vessels.

1. Family history of retinal arterial macroaneurysm
2. Hypertension
3. Diabetes
4. High cholesterol
5. Smoking
6. High blood pressure
7. Age (over 50)
8. Female gender
9. Obesity
10. Cardiovascular disease

At this time, there is no known cure for familial retinal arterial macroaneurysm. However, there are medications that can be used to help manage the condition. These medications include anti-inflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids, and vasodilators, such as calcium channel blockers. Additionally, laser photocoagulation may be used to reduce the risk of bleeding in the eye.