Familial aortic dissection is a rare genetic disorder that affects the aorta, the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. It is caused by a defect in the wall of the aorta, which can cause the aorta to tear or rupture. This can lead to severe internal bleeding and can be life-threatening. People with familial aortic dissection are at an increased risk of developing aortic dissection at a younger age than those without the disorder.

The most common symptoms of familial aortic dissection include chest pain, shortness of breath, and back pain. Other symptoms may include dizziness, nausea, sweating, and a rapid heartbeat. In some cases, there may be no symptoms at all.

The exact cause of familial aortic dissection is unknown, but it is believed to be related to genetic factors. It is thought that certain genetic mutations may cause the aortic wall to be weaker than normal, making it more prone to tearing. Other risk factors for familial aortic dissection include high blood pressure, aortic aneurysm, Marfan syndrome, and certain connective tissue disorders.

The treatment for familial aortic dissection depends on the severity of the condition. Treatment options may include:

1. Medications: Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers may be prescribed to reduce the risk of aortic dissection.

2. Surgery: Surgery may be necessary to repair the aorta and prevent further dissection. This may include open heart surgery, endovascular stent grafting, or aortic valve replacement.

3. Lifestyle changes: Making lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly can help reduce the risk of aortic dissection.

4. Genetic counseling: Genetic counseling can help individuals and families understand their risk of aortic dissection and how to reduce it.

1. Family history of aortic dissection
2. Marfan syndrome
3. Bicuspid aortic valve
4. Hypertension
5. Connective tissue disorders
6. Atherosclerosis
7. Cocaine use
8. Pregnancy
9. Trauma
10. Aortic aneurysm

There is no cure for familial aortic dissection, but medications can be used to help manage the condition. These medications may include beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and ACE inhibitors. Surgery may also be recommended to repair the aorta and prevent further dissection.