Discrete fixed membranous subaortic stenosis is a congenital heart defect in which there is a narrowing of the aortic valve below the aortic valve leaflets. This narrowing can cause obstruction of blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta, leading to symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue. Treatment for this condition typically involves surgical repair of the narrowing.

The most common symptoms of discrete fixed membranous subaortic stenosis include shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, palpitations, and syncope (fainting). Other symptoms may include dizziness, lightheadedness, and exercise intolerance. In some cases, the condition may cause heart failure or arrhythmias.

Discrete fixed membranous subaortic stenosis is usually caused by a congenital heart defect, meaning it is present at birth. It is caused by a thickening of the aortic valve, which restricts the flow of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta. Other causes of this condition include rheumatic fever, endocarditis, and certain genetic disorders.

1. Balloon Valvuloplasty: This procedure involves inflating a balloon inside the narrowed valve to widen it and improve blood flow.

2. Surgery: Surgery may be necessary to repair or replace the valve. This can be done through open-heart surgery or minimally invasive techniques.

3. Medications: Medications such as ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers may be prescribed to help reduce the workload on the heart and improve symptoms.

4. Lifestyle Changes: Making lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly can help reduce the risk of complications and improve overall health.

1. Congenital heart defect
2. Family history of congenital heart defects
3. Premature birth
4. Low birth weight
5. Maternal diabetes
6. Maternal use of certain medications during pregnancy
7. Maternal smoking during pregnancy
8. Maternal alcohol use during pregnancy
9. Maternal drug use during pregnancy
10. Maternal obesity

There is no cure for discrete fixed membranous subaortic stenosis, but medications can be used to manage symptoms. These medications include beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics. Surgery may also be recommended in some cases.