Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a rare birth defect in which a baby is born with a collapsed or partially collapsed lung. It is caused by a blockage in the airways of the lung, which prevents air from entering the lung and causes it to become overinflated. Symptoms of CLE include rapid breathing, difficulty breathing, and a bluish tint to the skin. Treatment typically involves surgery to remove the blockage and restore normal breathing.

The main symptom of congenital lobar emphysema is difficulty breathing. Other symptoms may include:
* Wheezing
* Rapid breathing
* Coughing
* Bluish skin color (cyanosis)
* Flaring of the nostrils
* Retractions (sucking in of the skin between the ribs and around the collarbone when breathing)
* Poor feeding
* Poor weight gain
* Excessive sweating
* Fatigue
* Irritability

Congenital lobar emphysema is a rare condition that is caused by a blockage in the airways of the lungs. The blockage can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

1. Abnormal development of the airways in the fetus.

2. Abnormal development of the bronchial tubes in the fetus.

3. Abnormal development of the alveoli in the fetus.

4. Abnormal development of the diaphragm in the fetus.

5. Abnormal development of the chest wall in the fetus.

6. Abnormal development of the muscles of the chest wall in the fetus.

7. Abnormal development of the cartilage in the chest wall in the fetus.

8. Abnormal development of the ribs in the fetus.

The primary treatment for congenital lobar emphysema is surgical intervention. This may involve removing the affected lobe of the lung, or a portion of it, to allow the remaining lung tissue to expand and function normally. Other treatments may include medications to reduce inflammation and open the airways, as well as physical therapy to help strengthen the lungs and improve breathing. In some cases, a tracheostomy may be necessary to help the patient breathe.

1. Prematurity
2. Low birth weight
3. Male gender
4. Family history of respiratory problems
5. Maternal smoking during pregnancy
6. Maternal diabetes
7. Maternal use of certain medications during pregnancy
8. Exposure to environmental pollutants

There is no cure for congenital lobar emphysema, but medications can be used to help manage the symptoms. Bronchodilators, such as albuterol, can be used to help open the airways and reduce the amount of air trapped in the lungs. Corticosteroids can also be used to reduce inflammation in the airways. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the affected lobe of the lung.