Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) is a rare type of liver cancer that is composed of both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). It is a very aggressive form of cancer that is difficult to treat and has a poor prognosis. CHC is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and is associated with a high mortality rate. Treatment options for CHC include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Common symptoms of combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma include:

- Abdominal pain
- Weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
- Itching
- Swelling of the abdomen
- Dark urine
- Pale stools
- Fever
- Fatigue

The exact cause of combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma is unknown. However, certain risk factors have been identified that may increase the risk of developing this type of cancer. These include:

• Chronic hepatitis B or C infection

• Cirrhosis

• Alcohol abuse

• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

• Exposure to certain chemicals, such as aflatoxins

• Family history of liver cancer

• Diabetes

• Obesity

• Smoking

The treatment for combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma depends on the stage of the cancer and the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and/or immunotherapy. In some cases, a combination of treatments may be used.

1. Chronic hepatitis B or C infection
2. Cirrhosis
3. Alcohol abuse
4. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
5. Primary sclerosing cholangitis
6. Exposure to aflatoxins
7. Exposure to thorotrast
8. Exposure to certain chemicals
9. Family history of liver cancer
10. Diabetes
11. Obesity
12. Smoking

Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma is a rare form of cancer, and there is no known cure. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy. Medications used to treat this type of cancer may include chemotherapy drugs such as gemcitabine, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil, as well as targeted therapies such as sorafenib and lenvatinib.