Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy-subcortical infarcts-leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the small blood vessels in the brain. It is caused by a mutation in the Notch3 gene, which is responsible for the production of a protein called Notch3. This protein helps to regulate the structure and function of the small blood vessels in the brain. People with CADASIL experience a progressive decline in their neurological function, including stroke-like episodes, cognitive decline, and dementia.

The symptoms of Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy-subcortical infarcts-leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) vary from person to person, but may include:

- Stroke-like episodes

- Migraine headaches

- Seizures

- Cognitive decline

- Behavioral changes

- Depression

- Visual disturbances

- Speech and language problems

- Balance and coordination problems

- Muscle weakness

- Fatigue

- Urinary incontinence

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy-subcortical infarcts-leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is caused by mutations in the Notch3 gene. This gene is responsible for producing a protein that helps maintain the structure and function of small blood vessels in the brain. Mutations in this gene can cause the walls of these vessels to become thick and rigid, leading to a decrease in blood flow and an increased risk of stroke.

1. Medication: Medications such as anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and statins may be prescribed to reduce the risk of stroke and other complications.

2. Surgery: Surgery may be recommended to repair damaged blood vessels or to remove a clot.

3. Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help improve mobility and strength.

4. Occupational therapy: Occupational therapy can help with activities of daily living.

5. Speech therapy: Speech therapy can help with communication and swallowing difficulties.

6. Cognitive therapy: Cognitive therapy can help with memory and other cognitive issues.

7. Diet and lifestyle changes: Eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly can help reduce the risk of stroke and other complications.

1. Genetic predisposition: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy-subcortical infarcts-leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is caused by a mutation in the NOTCH3 gene, which is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.

2. Age: CADASIL is most commonly diagnosed in adults between the ages of 30 and 50.

3. Gender: CADASIL is more common in men than in women.

4. Family history: Having a family history of CADASIL increases the risk of developing the condition.

5. Ethnicity: CADASIL is more common in people of European descent.

At this time, there is no known cure for Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy-subcortical infarcts-leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). However, medications may be prescribed to help manage symptoms and reduce the risk of stroke. These medications may include blood thinners, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and medications to control blood pressure. Additionally, lifestyle modifications such as quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly may help reduce the risk of stroke.