Bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria (BPPOP) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by abnormal development of the brain's cortex. It is characterized by multiple small, irregularly shaped gyri (folds) in the parietal and occipital lobes of the brain. This disorder can cause a variety of neurological symptoms, including seizures, developmental delays, and intellectual disability.

The symptoms of bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:

- Delayed development of motor skills

- Poor coordination

- Seizures

- Abnormal muscle tone

- Abnormal reflexes

- Abnormal head shape

- Intellectual disability

- Speech and language delays

- Visual impairment

- Hearing loss

- Difficulty with balance and coordination

- Difficulty with fine motor skills

- Difficulty with gross motor skills

- Difficulty with social interaction

- Difficulty with self-care skills

The exact cause of bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria is unknown. However, it is believed to be caused by a disruption in the development of the brain during the early stages of pregnancy. Possible causes include genetic mutations, environmental factors, and infections.

1. Medication: Medications such as anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants, and anti-anxiety medications may be prescribed to help manage seizures, muscle spasms, and anxiety associated with bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria.

2. Surgery: Surgery may be recommended to reduce the severity of seizures or to improve the function of affected areas of the brain.

3. Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help improve muscle strength, coordination, and balance.

4. Occupational therapy: Occupational therapy can help improve daily living skills, such as dressing, eating, and writing.

5. Speech therapy: Speech therapy can help improve communication skills.

6. Cognitive therapy: Cognitive therapy can help improve thinking skills and problem-solving abilities.

7. Nutritional

1. Genetic mutations
2. Maternal infections during pregnancy
3. Maternal exposure to certain medications or toxins during pregnancy
4. Maternal diabetes
5. Maternal alcohol or drug use during pregnancy
6. Low birth weight
7. Premature birth
8. Maternal age over 35
9. Family history of neurological disorders

At this time, there is no known cure for bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria. Treatment focuses on managing the symptoms and helping the individual reach their highest potential. Medications may be prescribed to help with seizures, muscle spasms, and other symptoms. Physical, occupational, and speech therapy may also be recommended to help with motor and communication skills.