Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 21 (SPG21) is a rare, inherited neurological disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and stiffness (spasticity) in the legs. It is caused by mutations in the SPG21 gene, which is located on chromosome 14. Symptoms usually begin in childhood or adolescence and may include difficulty walking, difficulty with balance, and muscle spasms. Over time, the condition can lead to difficulty with activities of daily living, such as dressing and bathing. There is currently no cure for SPG21, but physical therapy and medications can help manage symptoms.

The symptoms of Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 21 (SPG21) vary from person to person, but may include:

- Muscle Weakness and Stiffness in the legs
- Difficulty walking, running, or climbing stairs
- Loss of balance and coordination
- Abnormal gait
- Urinary and/or fecal incontinence
- Muscle spasms
- Pain in the legs
- Fatigue
- Difficulty with fine motor skills
- Speech and language difficulties
- Cognitive impairment

Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 21 (SPG21) is caused by mutations in the KIF5A gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein called kinesin family member 5A, which is involved in the transport of materials within cells. Mutations in the KIF5A gene lead to the production of an abnormally short, nonfunctional version of the kinesin family member 5A protein. This protein is essential for the normal functioning of nerve cells, and its absence leads to the signs and symptoms of SPG21.

1. Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help improve muscle strength, flexibility, and coordination. It can also help reduce spasticity and improve balance and gait.

2. Medications: Medications such as baclofen, diazepam, and tizanidine can help reduce spasticity and improve muscle control.

3. Surgery: Surgery may be recommended to help improve mobility and reduce spasticity.

4. Assistive devices: Assistive devices such as walkers, canes, and wheelchairs can help improve mobility and independence.

5. Occupational therapy: Occupational therapy can help improve daily living skills and help with activities of daily living.

6. Speech therapy: Speech therapy can help improve communication skills.

1. Having a family history of Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 21.
2. Being of Ashkenazi Jewish descent.
3. Having a mutation in the SPG21 gene.
4. Being exposed to certain environmental toxins.
5. Having a weakened immune system.

At this time, there is no known cure for Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 21. However, there are medications that can help manage the symptoms of the condition. These include muscle relaxants, antispasmodic medications, and medications to help with bladder control. Physical therapy and occupational therapy can also help improve mobility and quality of life.