Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4) is a rare, inherited neurological disorder characterized by progressive muscle stiffness and weakness in the legs (spasticity) and difficulty walking (paraplegia). It is caused by mutations in the SPG4 gene, which is responsible for producing a protein called spastin. Symptoms usually begin in adulthood and worsen over time. Treatment is supportive and may include physical therapy, medications, and assistive devices.

The symptoms of Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4) vary from person to person, but may include:

- Muscle Stiffness and Spasticity in the legs
- Difficulty walking, running, or climbing stairs
- Weakness in the legs
- Loss of sensation in the legs
- Loss of bladder and/or bowel control
- Difficulty with balance and coordination
- Pain in the legs
- Fatigue
- Difficulty with fine motor skills
- Speech and language difficulties
- Cognitive impairment

Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4) is caused by mutations in the SPAST gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein called spastin, which is involved in the breakdown of long strands of a protein called tubulin. Mutations in the SPAST gene lead to the production of an abnormally short, nonfunctional spastin protein, which disrupts the breakdown of tubulin and affects the structure and function of nerve cells.

1. Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help improve muscle strength, flexibility, and coordination. It can also help reduce spasticity and improve balance and gait.

2. Medications: Medications such as baclofen, diazepam, and tizanidine can help reduce spasticity and improve muscle control.

3. Surgery: Surgery may be recommended to release tight muscles or tendons, or to implant a device that can help reduce spasticity.

4. Assistive devices: Assistive devices such as walkers, canes, and wheelchairs can help improve mobility.

5. Occupational therapy: Occupational therapy can help improve daily living skills and help with activities of daily living.

1. Family history: Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 4 is an inherited disorder, so having a family history of the condition increases the risk of developing it.

2. Age: The risk of developing Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 4 increases with age.

3. Gender: Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 4 is more common in males than females.

4. Ethnicity: Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 4 is more common in people of Ashkenazi Jewish descent.

At this time, there is no known cure for Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 4 (ADSP4). However, there are medications that can help manage the symptoms of ADSP4, such as muscle relaxants, antispasmodics, and medications to reduce pain. Physical therapy and occupational therapy can also help improve mobility and reduce pain.