Adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy (AFVD) is a rare, inherited eye disorder that affects the macula, the part of the retina responsible for central vision. It is characterized by the presence of yellowish deposits in the macula, which can cause blurred or distorted vision. AFVD usually affects adults over the age of 40 and is caused by a mutation in the VMD2 gene. Treatment options for AFVD include laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy, and anti-VEGF injections.

The most common symptom of adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy is a yellowish, egg-yolk-like lesion in the macula, which is the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. Other symptoms may include blurred vision, difficulty reading, difficulty recognizing faces, and difficulty adapting to low light levels. In some cases, patients may also experience metamorphopsia (distorted vision) or photopsia (flashes of light).

The exact cause of adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy is unknown. However, it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Mutations in the BEST1 gene have been linked to the condition, and it is thought that exposure to certain environmental toxins may also play a role.

1. Photodynamic therapy (PDT): This is a non-invasive procedure that uses a light-activated drug to destroy abnormal blood vessels in the eye.

2. Anti-VEGF injections: These injections are used to reduce the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the eye.

3. Laser photocoagulation: This procedure uses a laser to seal off abnormal blood vessels in the eye.

4. Vitrectomy: This is a surgical procedure that removes the vitreous gel from the eye.

5. Macular translocation: This is a surgical procedure that moves the macula to a healthier area of the eye.

6. Vitreous replacement: This is a surgical procedure that replaces the vitreous gel with a synthetic material.

7. Nutritional supplements: Taking certain nutritional supplements,

1. Age: Adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy typically affects individuals over the age of 40.

2. Genetics: This condition is caused by a mutation in the BEST1 gene, which is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.

3. Gender: Adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy is more common in males than females.

4. Sunlight exposure: Prolonged exposure to sunlight may increase the risk of developing this condition.

Unfortunately, there is no cure for adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy. However, there are medications that can help to slow the progression of the disease and improve vision. These medications include topical corticosteroids, intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents, and photodynamic therapy. It is important to speak with your doctor to determine the best treatment plan for your individual case.