Syndactyly type 4 is a rare form of syndactyly, a congenital condition in which two or more digits are fused together. In type 4 syndactyly, the fusion occurs between the fourth and fifth digits, usually on both hands and feet. The fusion may involve the bones, skin, and/or nails of the digits. Treatment for type 4 syndactyly typically involves surgical separation of the fused digits.

The symptoms of Syndactyly type 4 include webbing of the fingers and/or toes, fusion of the bones of the fingers and/or toes, and the presence of extra digits. In some cases, the webbing may extend beyond the fingers and toes, and the extra digits may be malformed. In addition, the skin between the digits may be thicker than normal.

Syndactyly type 4 is a rare congenital condition caused by a genetic mutation. It is believed to be caused by a mutation in the HOXD13 gene, which is responsible for the development of the hands and feet. Other possible causes include environmental factors, such as exposure to certain chemicals or radiation, or a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

1. Surgery: Surgery is the most common treatment for syndactyly type 4. The goal of surgery is to separate the fused digits and create a more normal appearance. The surgery is usually done under general anesthesia and can involve skin grafts, tendon transfers, and bone cuts.

2. Splinting: Splinting is another treatment option for syndactyly type 4. Splints are used to help separate the fused digits and can be used before or after surgery.

3. Physical Therapy: Physical therapy can help improve range of motion and strength in the affected digits.

4. Occupational Therapy: Occupational therapy can help with activities of daily living and help the patient adapt to their new hand or foot.

1. Family history of syndactyly
2. Genetic mutations
3. Maternal diabetes
4. Maternal use of certain medications during pregnancy
5. Maternal alcohol or drug use during pregnancy
6. Maternal exposure to certain environmental toxins during pregnancy
7. Premature birth
8. Low birth weight
9. Congenital heart defects
10. Chromosomal abnormalities

At this time, there is no cure for syndactyly type 4. However, there are surgical options available to separate the fused digits. The goal of surgery is to improve the function and appearance of the affected hand or foot. Medications may be prescribed to help manage pain and reduce swelling after surgery.