Severe disseminated cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in immunocompetent patients is a rare but serious condition that can occur when a person is infected with the CMV virus. It is characterized by the presence of multiple organ involvement, including the lungs, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms can include fever, fatigue, abdominal pain, and jaundice. Treatment typically involves antiviral medications and supportive care.

The symptoms of severe disseminated cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompetent patients can include fever, fatigue, malaise, headache, muscle aches, joint pain, rash, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and abdominal pain. In some cases, the infection can cause organ damage, including hepatitis, pancreatitis, and encephalitis. In rare cases, it can cause death.

The exact cause of severe disseminated cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in immunocompetent patients is not known. However, it is believed that certain factors may increase the risk of developing severe CMV infection, such as:

• Recent organ transplantation

• HIV infection

• Immunosuppressive medications

• Advanced age

• Chronic illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, or kidney disease

• Exposure to CMV through blood transfusions or organ transplants

• Exposure to CMV through contact with infected bodily fluids, such as saliva, urine, or semen

• Exposure to CMV through contact with infected animals, such as cats or dogs

• Exposure to CMV through contact with contaminated food or water

1. Antiviral medications: Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, and Ganciclovir are the most commonly used antiviral medications for treating severe disseminated cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompetent patients.

2. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG): IVIG is a blood product that contains antibodies to help fight off the virus.

3. Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation and swelling caused by the virus.

4. Plasma exchange: Plasma exchange is a procedure in which the patient’s blood is removed and replaced with donor plasma. This can help reduce the amount of virus in the blood.

5. Supportive care: Supportive care includes providing fluids, nutrition, and oxygen as needed.

1. Advanced age
2. Pregnancy
3. Immunosuppressive therapy
4. HIV infection
5. Transplantation
6. Malignancy
7. Chronic kidney disease
8. Diabetes
9. Chronic liver disease
10. Congenital heart disease
11. Intravenous drug use
12. Alcoholism
13. Malnutrition
14. Exposure to cytomegalovirus-infected individuals

There is no specific cure for severe disseminated cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompetent patients. Treatment typically involves supportive care and medications to reduce symptoms. These medications may include antiviral drugs, such as ganciclovir, valganciclovir, and foscarnet, as well as corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. In some cases, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may be used to boost the patient's immune system.