Secondary polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects the arteries. It is caused by an abnormal immune response that leads to inflammation and damage to the walls of the arteries. Symptoms of PAN can include fever, fatigue, joint pain, abdominal pain, and skin rashes. Treatment typically involves medications to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation.

The symptoms of secondary polyarteritis nodosa can vary depending on the organs affected, but may include:

-Fever

-Fatigue

-Muscle aches

-Joint pain

-Abdominal pain

-Nausea and vomiting

-Weight loss

-Skin rash

-High blood pressure

-Loss of appetite

-Loss of vision

-Confusion

-Weakness

-Breathing difficulties

-Kidney failure

-Heart failure

-Stroke

The exact cause of secondary polyarteritis nodosa is unknown. However, it is believed to be triggered by an infection or an autoimmune disorder. Possible causes include:

• Viral infections, such as hepatitis B or C

• Bacterial infections, such as streptococcal or staphylococcal

• Parasitic infections, such as schistosomiasis

• Drug reactions, such as to certain antibiotics or chemotherapy drugs

• Autoimmune disorders, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis

• Exposure to certain toxins, such as solvents or insecticides

The main treatment for secondary polyarteritis nodosa is corticosteroids, such as prednisone, to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. Other medications, such as cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and methotrexate, may also be used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damaged blood vessels.

1. Smoking: Smoking is the most significant risk factor for developing secondary polyarteritis nodosa.

2. Age: Secondary polyarteritis nodosa is more common in people over the age of 50.

3. Gender: Men are more likely to develop secondary polyarteritis nodosa than women.

4. Infections: Certain infections, such as hepatitis B and C, can increase the risk of developing secondary polyarteritis nodosa.

5. Medications: Certain medications, such as certain antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, can increase the risk of developing secondary polyarteritis nodosa.

6. Autoimmune diseases: People with certain autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, are at an increased risk of developing secondary polyarteritis nodosa.

Yes, there are treatments available for secondary polyarteritis nodosa. Treatment typically involves medications such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damaged blood vessels.