Ring chromosome 21 syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by a chromosomal abnormality in which a person has an extra or missing piece of chromosome 21. It is characterized by physical and developmental delays, intellectual disability, and a variety of other medical problems. Common symptoms include low muscle tone, poor coordination, seizures, and heart defects.

The symptoms of Ring chromosome 21 syndrome vary from person to person, but may include:

-Developmental delays
-Intellectual disability
-Growth delays
-Seizures
-Heart defects
-Hearing loss
-Vision problems
-Kidney problems
-Gastrointestinal problems
-Behavioral problems
-Speech delays
-Cleft lip or palate
-Abnormal facial features
-Muscle weakness
-Joint problems
-Skin abnormalities

Ring chromosome 21 syndrome is caused by a chromosomal abnormality in which a portion of chromosome 21 becomes fused together to form a ring. This abnormality is usually caused by a random error during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs or sperm) in a parent. It is not inherited from a parent.

The treatments for Ring chromosome 21 syndrome vary depending on the individual and the severity of the symptoms. Generally, treatment focuses on managing the symptoms and any associated medical conditions. This may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and special education services. Other treatments may include medications to help with seizures, heart problems, and other medical conditions. Surgery may be necessary to correct certain physical abnormalities. Genetic counseling may also be recommended to help families understand the condition and its implications.

1. Advanced maternal age
2. Family history of chromosomal abnormalities
3. Exposure to certain environmental toxins
4. Maternal diabetes
5. Maternal obesity
6. Maternal smoking
7. Maternal alcohol consumption
8. Maternal drug use
9. Maternal infection during pregnancy
10. Advanced paternal age

There is no cure for Ring chromosome 21 syndrome, but there are medications that can help manage some of the symptoms. These include medications to help with seizures, heart problems, and other medical issues. Additionally, physical, occupational, and speech therapy can help with developmental delays.