Proximal symphalangism is a rare genetic disorder that affects the bones of the hands and feet. It is characterized by fusion of the proximal interphalangeal joints (the joints closest to the middle of the fingers and toes). This fusion can cause the affected digits to be shorter than normal and can lead to difficulty with movement and gripping.

The most common symptoms of proximal symphalangism include:

-Short stature
-Joint stiffness
-Joint pain
-Limited range of motion in the affected joints
-Abnormal curvature of the spine
-Abnormalities of the hands and feet, such as short fingers and toes, and webbing between the fingers and toes
-Delayed development of motor skills
-Delayed development of speech and language
-Hearing loss
-Heart defects
-Kidney abnormalities
-Intellectual disability

Proximal symphalangism is a rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the NOG gene. This gene is responsible for the production of a protein called noggin, which is involved in the development of bones and joints. The mutation in the NOG gene results in the abnormal development of the proximal interphalangeal joints, which are the joints located between the first and second bones of the fingers and toes. Other causes of proximal symphalangism include chromosomal abnormalities, such as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), and environmental factors, such as exposure to certain medications or toxins.

1. Surgery: Surgery is the most common treatment for proximal symphalangism. The goal of surgery is to improve joint mobility and reduce pain. Surgery may involve releasing the tight ligaments and tendons around the joint, removing any bony overgrowth, and realigning the bones.

2. Physical Therapy: Physical therapy can help improve joint mobility and reduce pain. Exercises may include stretching, strengthening, and range of motion exercises.

3. Splinting: Splinting can help reduce pain and improve joint mobility. Splints can be custom-made to fit the affected joint and provide support.

4. Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain and inflammation. Other medications, such as corticosteroids, may also be prescribed to reduce inflammation.

1. Genetic predisposition: Proximal symphalangism is an inherited disorder caused by a mutation in the NOG gene.

2. Age: Proximal symphalangism is more common in children and young adults.

3. Gender: Proximal symphalangism is more common in males than females.

4. Family history: Proximal symphalangism is more likely to occur in families with a history of the disorder.

At this time, there is no cure for proximal symphalangism. However, there are medications that can help manage the symptoms. These include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and physical therapy.