Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, progressive, and often fatal viral infection of the brain. It is caused by the JC virus, which is a type of human polyomavirus. PML affects the white matter of the brain, leading to a wide range of neurological symptoms, including confusion, difficulty speaking, vision problems, and paralysis. Treatment options are limited and there is no cure for PML.

The symptoms of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) vary depending on the area of the brain affected, but may include:

- Cognitive decline

- Memory loss

- Speech and language difficulties

- Visual disturbances

- Weakness or Paralysis on one side of the body

- Loss of coordination

- Seizures

- Changes in behavior or personality

- Difficulty walking or maintaining balance

- Loss of bladder or bowel control

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is caused by a virus called the JC virus. The virus is usually acquired through contact with bodily fluids, such as saliva, urine, or blood. It is most commonly seen in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, those taking immunosuppressive drugs, or those undergoing chemotherapy.

The treatment for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is limited and largely supportive. Treatment options may include antiviral medications, corticosteroids, plasma exchange, and immunomodulatory therapies. In some cases, supportive care such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy may be recommended to help manage symptoms. Additionally, lifestyle modifications such as avoiding alcohol and smoking may be recommended.

1. Age: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is most common in people over the age of 50.

2. Immunosuppression: People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, are at an increased risk of developing PML.

3. Medications: Certain medications, such as natalizumab, can increase the risk of PML.

4. Cancer: People with certain types of cancer, such as lymphoma, are at an increased risk of developing PML.

5. Organ Transplant: People who have had an organ transplant are at an increased risk of developing PML.

There is no cure for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML). Treatment is supportive and may include medications to reduce inflammation, physical therapy, and speech therapy. Medications used to treat PML include corticosteroids, interferon-beta, and immunomodulatory agents.