At this time, there is no cure for persistent fifth aortic arch. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce the risk of complications, such as high blood pressure, stroke, and heart failure. These medications may include beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and diuretics. Surgery may also be recommended in some cases to repair the aortic arch.

The risk factors for Persistent fifth aortic arch include:

1. Genetic predisposition
2. Congenital heart defects
3. Premature birth
4. Low birth weight
5. Maternal diabetes
6. Maternal smoking
7. Maternal alcohol consumption
8. Maternal drug use
9. Maternal exposure to certain environmental toxins

1. Surgery: Surgery is the most common treatment for persistent fifth aortic arch. The goal of the surgery is to remove the extra aortic arch and to restore normal blood flow.

2. Endovascular stenting: Endovascular stenting is a minimally invasive procedure that involves placing a stent in the aorta to keep it open and allow for normal blood flow.

3. Balloon angioplasty: Balloon angioplasty is a procedure that involves inflating a balloon in the aorta to widen the narrowed area and restore normal blood flow.

4. Medication: Medication may be prescribed to help reduce the risk of complications associated with persistent fifth aortic arch. These medications may include blood thinners, cholesterol-lowering medications, and medications to control blood pressure.

The exact cause of persistent fifth aortic arch is unknown. However, it is believed to be caused by abnormal development of the aortic arch during fetal development. It is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Possible risk factors include maternal smoking, maternal diabetes, and maternal obesity.

The symptoms of persistent fifth aortic arch vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include difficulty breathing, chest pain, coughing, and difficulty swallowing. Other symptoms may include a bluish tint to the skin, a hoarse voice, and a heart murmur. In some cases, the condition may cause a narrowing of the airways, leading to recurrent respiratory infections.

Persistent fifth aortic arch is a rare congenital heart defect in which the fifth aortic arch fails to regress during fetal development. This results in a persistent connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which can cause a variety of symptoms, including difficulty breathing, cyanosis, and heart murmurs. Treatment typically involves surgical repair of the defect.