There is no cure for pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma, but there are treatments available. Treatment options may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and surgery. In some cases, a liver transplant may be recommended. Medications used to treat pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma may include sorafenib, lenvatinib, and regorafenib.

1. Chronic infection with hepatitis B or C virus
2. Exposure to aflatoxins
3. Congenital metabolic disorders
4. Inherited syndromes
5. Exposure to certain chemicals
6. Family history of liver cancer
7. Obesity
8. Cirrhosis
9. Type 2 diabetes
10. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

1. Surgery: Surgery is the most common treatment for pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma. This involves removing the tumor and some of the surrounding healthy tissue.

2. Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells. It may be used to shrink the tumor before surgery or to treat areas that surgery can’t reach.

3. Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It may be used to shrink the tumor before surgery or to treat areas that surgery can’t reach.

4. Targeted therapy: Targeted therapy uses drugs to target specific molecules in cancer cells. This can help reduce the side effects of chemotherapy.

5. Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy uses drugs to boost the body’s natural defenses against cancer. It may be used to treat areas that surgery

The exact cause of pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. However, certain risk factors have been identified, including:

• Chronic infection with the hepatitis B or C virus

• Exposure to aflatoxins, which are toxins produced by certain types of mold

• Inherited metabolic disorders, such as tyrosinemia and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

• Congenital malformations of the liver, such as biliary atresia

• Exposure to certain chemicals, such as vinyl chloride

• Family history of HCC

• Obesity

• Diabetes

Common symptoms of pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma include:

- Abdominal pain
- Abdominal swelling
- Unexplained weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Dark urine
- Itching
- Enlarged liver or spleen
- Abnormal blood tests

Pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare type of liver cancer that affects children. It is a malignant tumor that originates in the liver cells and can spread to other organs. It is most commonly seen in children between the ages of 5 and 15, and is more common in boys than girls. Symptoms of pediatric HCC can include abdominal pain, jaundice, weight loss, and an enlarged liver. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy.