Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is a type of kidney cancer that begins in the renal tubules, which are the small tubes in the kidneys that filter waste from the blood. It is the second most common type of kidney cancer, accounting for 10-15% of all kidney cancers. Symptoms of PRCC may include blood in the urine, pain in the side or lower back, and a lump in the abdomen. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

The most common symptom of papillary renal cell carcinoma is blood in the urine (hematuria). Other symptoms may include Pain in the side or lower back, a lump in the abdomen, weight loss, fatigue, and fever.

The exact cause of papillary renal cell carcinoma is unknown. However, certain risk factors have been identified, including:

• Smoking

• Obesity

• High blood pressure

• Long-term dialysis

• Certain genetic conditions, such as von Hippel-Lindau disease and hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma

• Exposure to certain chemicals, such as cadmium and trichloroethylene

• A family history of kidney cancer

1. Surgery: Surgery is the primary treatment for papillary renal cell carcinoma. Depending on the size and location of the tumor, the surgeon may remove the entire kidney (radical nephrectomy) or just the tumor (partial nephrectomy).

2. Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs to target specific molecules involved in the growth and spread of cancer cells. Targeted therapies used to treat papillary renal cell carcinoma include drugs such as sunitinib, sorafenib, and pazopanib.

3. Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy is a type of treatment that uses the body’s own immune system to fight cancer. Immunotherapy drugs used to treat papillary renal cell carcinoma include nivolumab and ipilimumab.

4.

1. Age: Papillary renal cell carcinoma is more common in people over the age of 50.

2. Gender: Men are more likely to develop this type of cancer than women.

3. Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of developing papillary renal cell carcinoma.

4. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk of developing this type of cancer.

5. Family history: Having a family history of kidney cancer increases the risk of developing papillary renal cell carcinoma.

6. Exposure to certain chemicals: Exposure to certain chemicals, such as cadmium, may increase the risk of developing this type of cancer.

Yes, there are several treatments available for papillary renal cell carcinoma. These include surgery, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. Your doctor will be able to discuss the best treatment option for you based on the stage and type of your cancer.