Non-syndromic posterior hypospadias is a congenital condition in which the urethral opening is located on the underside of the penis, instead of at the tip. It is the most common form of hypospadias, and is not associated with any other medical conditions.

The main symptom of non-syndromic posterior hypospadias is a urethral opening located on the underside of the penis, usually near the scrotum. Other symptoms may include:

-A curved or bent penis

-A foreskin that does not fully cover the glans (head) of the penis

-A scrotum that is divided into two halves

-A small penis

-Difficulty urinating in a normal stream

-Urinary tract infections

-Painful erections

-Inability to have sexual intercourse

The exact cause of non-syndromic posterior hypospadias is unknown. However, some potential causes may include genetic factors, environmental exposures, and hormonal imbalances. Other potential causes may include maternal diabetes, maternal smoking, and maternal obesity.

1. Surgical repair: This is the most common treatment for non-syndromic posterior hypospadias. The goal of the surgery is to reconstruct the urethra so that it is correctly positioned and the opening is at the tip of the penis.

2. Urethral dilatation: This is a less invasive procedure that involves stretching the urethra to widen it and allow urine to pass more easily.

3. Urethral stent placement: This procedure involves placing a small tube in the urethra to help keep it open and allow urine to pass more easily.

4. Urethral reconstruction: This is a more complex procedure that involves reconstructing the urethra to create a new opening at the tip of the penis.

5. Skin grafting: This procedure involves taking a piece

1. Low birth weight
2. Maternal smoking
3. Maternal diabetes
4. Maternal obesity
5. Maternal use of certain medications
6. Maternal exposure to environmental toxins
7. Maternal age
8. Male gender
9. Family history of hypospadias

Yes, there are treatments available for non-syndromic posterior hypospadias. The most common treatment is a surgical procedure called hypospadias repair. This procedure involves reconstructing the urethra and the foreskin to create a normal urinary opening. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to help reduce inflammation and scarring. Additionally, hormone therapy may be recommended to help promote normal development of the penis.