Non-syndromic bicoronal and metopic craniosynostosis is a rare type of craniosynostosis, a condition in which the bones of the skull fuse together too early. In this condition, the bicoronal and metopic sutures, which are the seams between the bones of the skull, fuse together prematurely. This can cause the skull to become misshapen and can lead to a range of neurological and developmental problems. Treatment typically involves surgery to reshape the skull and release the fused sutures.

The most common symptoms of non-syndromic bicoronal and metopic craniosynostosis include:

• An abnormally shaped head
• A wide, flat forehead
• A prominent ridge along the top of the head
• A wide, flat bridge of the nose
• A wide, flat area between the eyes
• A wide, flat area between the eyebrows
• A wide, flat area between the ears
• A wide, flat area at the back of the head
• A wide, flat area at the sides of the head
• A wide, flat area at the base of the skull
• A wide, flat area at the front of the head
• A wide, flat area at the top of the head
• A wide, flat area at the back of the neck
• A wide

Non-syndromic bicoronal and metopic craniosynostosis are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors include mutations in certain genes, such as FGFR2, TWIST1, and MSX2, which are involved in the development of the skull. Environmental factors include maternal smoking, alcohol consumption, and certain medications taken during pregnancy.

Non-syndromic bicoronal and metopic craniosynostosis are typically treated with surgery. The goal of the surgery is to reshape the skull and allow for normal brain growth. Depending on the severity of the condition, the surgery may involve removing a portion of the skull and replacing it with a custom-made implant. In some cases, the surgeon may also need to reposition the bones of the skull to create a more symmetrical shape. In addition to surgery, physical therapy may be recommended to help improve the range of motion of the head and neck.

1. Family history of craniosynostosis
2. Maternal smoking during pregnancy
3. Maternal diabetes
4. Low birth weight
5. Premature birth
6. Exposure to certain medications during pregnancy
7. Exposure to certain environmental toxins during pregnancy
8. Genetic mutations or chromosomal abnormalities

At this time, there is no cure for non-syndromic bicoronal and metopic craniosynostosis. Treatment typically involves surgery to correct the shape of the skull and to relieve pressure on the brain. Medications may be prescribed to help manage pain and reduce swelling after surgery.