New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition in which a person experiences recurrent and prolonged seizures that are resistant to treatment with antiepileptic medications. NORSE is a medical emergency and requires immediate medical attention. Treatment typically involves a combination of medications, intravenous fluids, and other supportive measures.

Symptoms of new-onset refractory status epilepticus can include:

- Prolonged or repeated seizures
- Loss of consciousness
- Confusion
- Muscle rigidity
- Abnormal movements
- Difficulty breathing
- High fever
- Sweating
- Rapid heart rate
- Low blood pressure
- Abnormal breathing patterns
- Vomiting
- Urinary incontinence
- Excessive drooling
- Unresponsiveness to stimuli

1. Metabolic disturbances, such as hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, and hyperthermia
2. Drug or alcohol withdrawal
3. Infections, such as meningitis, encephalitis, or brain abscess
4. Structural lesions, such as tumors, stroke, or trauma
5. Autoimmune encephalitis
6. Genetic disorders, such as Dravet syndrome or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
7. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease
8. Medication non-compliance or medication errors
9. Idiopathic causes

1. Benzodiazepines: These are the first-line treatment for new-onset refractory status epilepticus. Examples include lorazepam, diazepam, and midazolam.

2. Anesthetics: These are second-line treatments for new-onset refractory status epilepticus. Examples include propofol, pentobarbital, and thiopental.

3. Anticonvulsants: These are third-line treatments for new-onset refractory status epilepticus. Examples include phenytoin, levetiracetam, and valproic acid.

4. Other treatments: Other treatments for new-onset refractory status epilepticus include intravenous immunoglobulin, steroids, and ketogenic diet.

1. History of epilepsy
2. History of head trauma
3. History of stroke
4. History of brain tumor
5. History of infection
6. History of drug or alcohol abuse
7. History of metabolic or endocrine disorders
8. History of recent surgery
9. History of recent medication changes
10. History of recent drug or alcohol withdrawal
11. History of recent sleep deprivation
12. History of recent stress or emotional trauma
13. History of recent exposure to toxins or environmental pollutants
14. Genetic predisposition to epilepsy

New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) is a rare and severe form of epilepsy that is difficult to treat. There is no known cure for NORSE, but medications can be used to control the seizures and reduce the risk of further episodes. Common medications used to treat NORSE include benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, and anesthetics. In some cases, surgery may be recommended to remove the part of the brain that is causing the seizures.