Myelomeningocele is a type of spina bifida, a birth defect in which the backbone and spinal canal do not close before birth. It is the most severe form of spina bifida and is characterized by the protrusion of the spinal cord and its membranes through an opening in the back. This can cause nerve damage, paralysis, and other physical and cognitive disabilities.

The most common symptoms of myelomeningocele include:

-Loss of sensation and movement in the lower body
-Partial or complete Paralysis of the lower body
-Abnormal curvature of the spine (scoliosis)
-Hydrocephalus (buildup of fluid in the brain)
-Urinary and/or bowel incontinence
-Chiari malformation (abnormal formation of the brain and spinal cord)
-Developmental delays
-Hearing and vision problems
-Seizures
-Learning disabilities
-Shunt placement (to relieve pressure on the brain)

Myelomeningocele is a type of neural tube defect caused by a failure of the neural tube to close properly during early fetal development. The exact cause of this failure is unknown, but it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Possible risk factors include a family history of neural tube defects, certain medications taken during pregnancy, and certain nutritional deficiencies.

The primary treatment for myelomeningocele is surgery to close the opening in the spine and repair the spinal cord. This surgery is usually done within the first few days of life. Other treatments may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, and medications to help manage symptoms. In some cases, additional surgeries may be needed to correct any associated deformities or to help improve function.

1. Family history of neural tube defects
2. Maternal diabetes
3. Maternal obesity
4. Maternal use of certain medications, such as anticonvulsants, during pregnancy
5. Maternal exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as pesticides
6. Maternal age over 35
7. Low intake of folic acid during pregnancy
8. Low socioeconomic status

Myelomeningocele is a type of spina bifida, a birth defect that affects the spine. There is no cure for myelomeningocele, but there are treatments available to help manage the condition. Treatment may include medications to reduce swelling, physical therapy, surgery to close the opening in the spine, and other treatments to help manage symptoms.