Left sided atrial isomerism is a rare congenital heart defect in which the left atrium is abnormally developed. It is characterized by a single atrium, a common atrioventricular valve, and a single ventricle. The defect is associated with other congenital anomalies, including polysplenia, asplenia, and heterotaxy.

The symptoms of left sided atrial isomerism can include:

-Heart defects such as double outlet right ventricle, transposition of the great arteries, and ventricular septal defect
-Abnormal pulmonary venous return
-Abnormal pulmonary arterial anatomy
-Abnormal aortic arch
-Abnormal coronary arteries
-Abnormal atrial and ventricular septal anatomy
-Abnormal atrioventricular valve anatomy
-Abnormal atrial appendage anatomy
-Abnormal atrial chamber anatomy
-Abnormal atrial septal defect
-Abnormal pulmonary valve anatomy
-Abnormal systemic venous return
-Abnormal umbilical vein anatomy
-Abnormal superior vena cava anatomy
-Abnormal inferior vena cava anatomy
-Abnormal hepatic veins anatomy

Left sided atrial isomerism is a rare congenital heart defect that is caused by a malformation of the heart during fetal development. It is caused by a disruption in the normal development of the left-right axis of the body, which results in the heart being formed with two left atria instead of one left and one right atrium. This disruption can be caused by genetic mutations, environmental factors, or a combination of both.

The treatments for left sided atrial isomerism vary depending on the severity of the condition. Generally, treatment may include:

1. Surgery to correct any structural abnormalities, such as a hole in the heart or a malformed heart valve.

2. Medications to control symptoms, such as arrhythmias or high blood pressure.

3. Pacemaker implantation to regulate the heart rate.

4. Surgery to repair any associated defects, such as a hole in the heart or a malformed heart valve.

5. Surgery to correct any associated defects, such as a hole in the heart or a malformed heart valve.

6. Surgery to correct any associated defects, such as a hole in the heart or a malformed heart valve.

7. Surgery to correct any associated defects, such as a

The risk factors for Left sided atrial isomerism include:

1. Genetic mutations in the JAG1, NOTCH1, and GATA4 genes.

2. Maternal diabetes.

3. Maternal use of certain medications, such as ACE inhibitors, during pregnancy.

4. Maternal exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as pesticides.

5. Maternal obesity.

6. Maternal smoking.

7. Maternal alcohol consumption.

8. Maternal age over 35.

9. Multiple pregnancies.

10. Family history of congenital heart defects.

Atrial isomerism is a rare congenital heart defect that is present at birth. There is no cure for this condition, but medications can be used to help manage symptoms. These medications may include diuretics to reduce fluid buildup, antiarrhythmic drugs to control abnormal heart rhythms, and anticoagulants to reduce the risk of blood clots. Surgery may also be necessary to repair any structural defects in the heart.