Fourth branchial cleft anomaly is a rare congenital disorder that occurs when the fourth branchial cleft, a structure that forms during fetal development, fails to close properly. This can lead to a fistula, or abnormal connection, between the neck and the chest. Symptoms of fourth branchial cleft anomaly can include a lump in the neck, recurrent infections, and difficulty swallowing. Treatment typically involves surgical repair of the fistula.

The most common symptom of fourth branchial cleft anomaly is a lump or swelling in the neck, usually on one side. Other symptoms may include:

-Pain in the neck
-Difficulty swallowing
-Hoarseness
-Coughing
-Recurrent ear infections
-Fever
-Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
-Shortness of breath
-Blood in the saliva or phlegm

Fourth branchial cleft anomalies are thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors may include mutations in certain genes that are involved in the development of the branchial arches. Environmental factors may include exposure to certain medications, toxins, or infections during pregnancy.

The treatment for fourth branchial cleft anomaly depends on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, the treatment may involve antibiotics and observation. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the cyst or fistula. In some cases, a combination of antibiotics and surgery may be recommended. In addition, speech therapy may be recommended to help with any speech or swallowing difficulties that may be present.

1. Family history of branchial cleft anomalies
2. Maternal smoking during pregnancy
3. Maternal diabetes
4. Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy
5. Maternal use of certain medications during pregnancy
6. Maternal exposure to environmental toxins during pregnancy
7. Maternal age over 35 years
8. Male gender
9. Low birth weight
10. Premature birth

At this time, there is no known cure for fourth branchial cleft anomaly. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the cyst or fistula, and antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent infection. In some cases, speech therapy may be recommended to help improve speech and swallowing.